Obesity is not sexaabout being overweight. High levels of fat put an excessive burden on the bones and organs in the body and are at risk of causing blockages in blood vessels that can cause disease. In the long term, this condition increases the risk of various chronic complications.
Obesity is a condition where there is excess fat tissue in the body, in other words overweight. This is due to the high calorie intake, especially from high-fat and high-sugar food sources that are not processed into energy through activities such as exercise. When food intake is high in excess calories, the body will store these excess calories in the form of fat tissue. However, this obesity condition is complex, meaning that various factors can trigger obesity, ranging from heredity, unhealthy eating patterns, psychological stress, consuming drugs or suffering from certain diseases, and a lifestyle that rarely exercises.
The way to determine it is quite simple, namely by calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI) with the formula for weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (BB/TB2). For the Indonesian population, the normal weight range is 17.0-23.0 for women and 18.0-25.0 for men. Mild obesity if the BMI ranges from 23.0-27.0 for women and 25.0-27.0 for men. It is said to be obese if the BMI exceeds 27.0 for women and men. If left unchecked, over time this disease will cause various complications.
In the medical world, complications are unexpected conditions that arise after certain situations, such as illness, treatment, or medical procedures. This condition complicates the existing situation. Complicated diseases are diseases that can arise as a result of certain diseases and aggravate previous conditions.
Various Diseases That Can Arise
In general, obesity and obesity complications affect a person's overall quality of life, and can even shorten life expectancy. Not a few people who are obese feel social isolation, depression, shame, guilt, to low work achievement.
One of the diseases that is widely associated with obesity is type 2 diabetes. The relationship between obesity and diabetes lies in insulin resistance, when the body cannot use insulin effectively. As a result, blood sugar levels increase.
In addition, people who are obese are more at risk of developing the following complications:
- Hypertension.
- Heart disease.
- strokes.
- Gallbladder disease.
- Osteoarthritis.
- Chronic low back pain.
- Periodontitis or gum disease.
- Skin disorders such as infection or inflammation of the skin folds.
- High triglycerides and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or good cholesterol
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: accumulation of fat in the liver.
- Metabolic syndrome is a combination of hypertension, high sugar levels, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol.
For women who are obese, it is possible to experience irregular menstruation and infertility. While men who are obese have a risk of experiencing sexual health problems and erectile dysfunction.
Pregnant women who are obese are also more at risk of developing preeclampsia, urinary tract infections, late pregnancy, postpartum infections, complications from Caesarean section, and disruptions during delivery.
In addition, the risk of surgery and postoperative in obese people will increase, such as the risk of blood clots, infection of the surgical site, and pulmonary embolism. These conditions are serious complications that have a high risk of causing death, especially in obese people.
Triggers Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory disorders in obese patients, such as sleep apnea. This condition can make breathing stop several times during sleep. This happens because the tissue at the base of the throat can not open the airways due to obesity. This condition can trigger several diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, heart disease, arrhythmia, memory or cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, GERD, and the most fatal complication, namely death.
In addition, other respiratory disorders due to obesity include obesity hyperventilation syndrome or Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS), namely the inability of the body to take a deep breath, causing high carbon dioxide and low oxygen levels in the blood. This situation is caused by excess weight that compresses the chest cavity and disturbances in the brain's control of breathing. Symptoms can include poor quality sleep, frequent daytime sleepiness, depression, headaches, and fatigue.
Closely Associated with Cancer
Obesity is associated with various cancers such as endometrial cancer, colon and anal cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, and thyroid cancer.
This condition is suspected to be motivated by the following possibilities:
- People with obesity generally have high insulin levels which can trigger several types of cancer.
- Fat cells produce high levels of estrogen, which can lead to certain types of cancer. These cells also affect tumor growth and the production of adipokine hormones that stimulate cell growth.
- The risk of cancer may increase because people with obesity experience mild inflammation that is chronic.
If it causes complications, the condition needs to be treated immediately along with obesity. Losing weight slowly but steadily is the recommended way. You can do this by changing your diet by increasing your intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruit, fish, and lean meats. Limit consumption of fat, especially saturated fat and alcohol. Regular exercise with moderate intensity such as swimming, leisurely walking, or cycling for 20-30 minutes per day and do it regularly. After exercising, the body will feel hungry, when hungry choose foods with balanced nutrition that are low in fat. And eat in moderation. The combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise is the main choice for weight loss.
The use of drugs to reduce weight is another step if the previous method of achieving the ideal weight is difficult, or if the obese person also has conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, or stroke. The use of drugs for weight loss for cosmetic purposes is not recommended.
The list of complications of obesity above proves that this condition should not be ignored. Obesity and diseases that arise as complications of this condition need to be treated, for example keeping blood pressure or blood sugar levels from getting too high with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and medication if needed.
Consult your condition with your doctor to get weight loss treatment with good diet and exercise counseling, weight loss drugs if needed, to surgery if there are indications. One indication for surgery is an extreme BMI (>40,0) or if other methods have been tried but are unable to lose weight. The surgical technique to treat obesity that is usually done is bariatric surgery, with the aim of the operation being to reduce the size of the stomach and slow down the digestive process. However, this surgery can cause various complications such as thrombosis, anemia, and impaired nutrient absorption. It is no less important to change your lifestyle to be healthier by renewing a healthy diet, rest, and regular exercise.
